He mea noa te kite i te whakamahinga o ngā papa pakari e mau ana ki ngā waka me ngā atanga whānui i roto i ngā ahumahi maha hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te whakatutuki i ētahi mahi motuhake. Kua noho hei āwangawanga mā ngā kaihoko te whakarite kia hototahi ngā atanga o ngā papa ki ngā taputapu hono, ā, kia tutuki ai hoki ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi atanga whānui noa o ngā papa pakari e mau ana ki ngā waka hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ake ki ngā āhuatanga o aua papa, me te whiriwhiri i te otinga tino pai.
·CANBus
Ko te atanga CANBus he atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e hangai ana ki te hangarau whatunga rohe kaiwhakahaere, e whakamahia ana hei hono i ngā waeine whakahaere hiko (ECU) i roto i ngā motuka me te whakatutuki i te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenganui i a rātou.
Mā te atanga CANBus, ka taea te hono i te papa e mau ana i te waka ki te whatunga CAN o te waka hei tiki i ngā mōhiohio tūnga o te waka (pēnei i te tere o te waka, te tere o te miihini, te tūnga o te whakatere, me ētahi atu) me te whakarato i aua mōhiohio ki ngā taraiwa i te wā tonu. Ka taea hoki e te papa e mau ana i te waka te tuku tohutohu whakahaere ki te pūnaha waka mā te atanga CANBus hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi whakahaere atamai, pērā i te waka aunoa me te mana mamao. He mea tika kia mōhiotia i mua i te hono i ngā atanga CANBus, me whakarite te hototahitanga i waenga i te atanga me te whatunga CAN o te waka kia kore ai e rahua te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e ngaro rānei ngā raraunga.
· J1939
Ko te atanga J1939 he kawa taumata-teitei e hangai ana ki te Whatunga Rohe Kaiwhakahaere, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga raupapa i waenga i te waeine whakahaere hiko (ECU) i roto i ngā waka taumaha. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei kawa he atanga paerewa mō te whakawhitiwhiti whatunga o ngā waka taumaha, he mea āwhina mō te mahi tahi i waenga i te ECU o ngā kaihanga rerekē. Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau multiplexing, ka whakaratohia he hononga whatunga tere-teitei paerewa e hangai ana ki te pahi CAN mō ia pūoko, te kaiwhakaoho me te kaiwhakahaere o te waka, ā, kei te wātea te tiritiri raraunga tere-teitei. Tautokohia ngā tawhā me ngā karere kua tautuhia e te kaiwhakamahi, he mea watea mō te whakawhanake me te whakarite kia rite ki ngā hiahia motuhake rerekē.
· OBD-II
Ko te atanga OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) te atanga paerewa o te pūnaha tātaritanga on-board o te reanga tuarua, e āhei ai ngā taputapu o waho (pēnei i ngā taputapu tātaritanga) ki te kōrero ki te pūnaha rorohiko waka i roto i te huarahi paerewa, kia taea ai te aroturuki me te whakahoki mai i te tūnga oma me ngā mōhiohio hapa o te waka, me te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio tohutoro nui mō ngā kaipupuri waka me ngā kaimahi tiaki. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te atanga OBD-II hei aromatawai i te tūnga mahi o ngā waka, tae atu ki te penapena wahie, ngā tukunga, me ētahi atu, hei āwhina i ngā kaipupuri ki te tiaki i ā rātou waka.
I mua i te whakamahinga o te taputapu matawai OBD-II hei tātaritanga i te āhua o te waka, me whakarite kia kaua te mīhini o te waka e tīmata. Kātahi ka whakaurua te mono o te taputapu matawai ki te atanga OBD-II kei te wāhanga o raro o te kāpata o te waka, ka tīmata i te taputapu mō te mahi tātaritanga.
· Whakaurunga Anaro
Ko te atanga tāuru anaro e pā ana ki tētahi atanga ka taea te whiwhi i ngā rahinga ā-tinana e huri haere tonu ana, ā, ka hurihia hei tohu ka taea te tukatuka. Ko ēnei rahinga ā-tinana, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te tere rere, ka kitea i te nuinga o te wā e ngā pūoko e rite ana, ka hurihia hei tohu hiko e ngā kaitahuri, ā, ka tukuna ki te tauranga tāuru anaro o te kaiwhakahaere. Mā roto i ngā tikanga tauira me te ine tika, ka taea e te atanga tāuru anaro te hopu tika me te huri i ngā huringa tohu iti, kia tutuki ai te tino tika.
I roto i te whakamahinga o te papa e mau ana ki te waka, ka taea te whakamahi i te atanga whakauru anaro ki te whiwhi tohu anaro mai i ngā pūoko waka (pēnei i te pūoko pāmahana, te pūoko pēhanga, me ētahi atu), kia taea ai te aroturuki i te wā-tūturu me te tautuhi hapa o te tūnga o te waka.
· RJ45
Ko te atanga RJ45 he atanga hononga whakawhitiwhiti whatunga, e whakamahia ana hei hono i ngā rorohiko, ngā pana, ngā pouara, ngā pouwhanga me ētahi atu taputapu ki tētahi whatunga rohe (LAN) ki tētahi whatunga rohe whānui (WAN) rānei. E waru ōna pine, ko te 1 me te 2 hei tuku tohu rerekētanga, ā, ko te 3 me te 6 hei whiwhi tohu rerekētanga, hei whakapai ake i te kaha ārai-whakararuraru o te tuku tohu. Ko ngā pine 4, 5, 7 me te 8 te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te whenua me te tiaki, hei whakarite i te pumau o te tuku tohu.
Mā te atanga RJ45, ka taea e te papa e mau ana i te waka te tuku raraunga me ētahi atu taputapu whatunga (pērā i ngā pouara, ngā pana, me ētahi atu) i te tere tiketike me te pumau, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te whakawhitiwhiti whatunga me te whakangahau rongorau.
· RS485
Ko te atanga RS485 he atanga whakawhitiwhiti raupapa haurua-rua, e whakamahia ana mō te aunoatanga ahumahi me te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga. Ka whakamahia e ia te aratau tuku tohu rerekē, te tuku me te whiwhi raraunga mā roto i ngā raina tohu takirua (A me B). He kaha tōna kaha ārai-whakararuraru, ā, ka taea te ātete i te whakararuraru hikohiko, te whakararuraru haruru me ngā tohu whakararuraru i roto i te taiao. Ka taea e te tawhiti tuku o te RS485 te tae ki te 1200m me te kore he pūrua, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te tuku raraunga tawhiti. Ko te maha mōrahi o ngā taputapu ka taea te hono atu i te pahi RS485 he 32. Ka tautoko i ngā taputapu maha ki te whakawhitiwhiti i runga i te pahi kotahi, he mea watea mō te whakahaere me te whakahaere pokapū. Ka tautoko te RS485 i te tuku raraunga tere-teitei, ā, ko te tere ka taea te tae ki te 10Mbps.
· RS422
Ko te atanga RS422 he atanga whakawhitiwhiti raupapa-rua-katoa, e āhei ai te tuku me te whiwhi raraunga i te wā kotahi. Ka whakamahia te aratau tuku tohu rerekē, e rua ngā rārangi tohu (Y, Z) e whakamahia ana mō te tuku me ngā rārangi tohu e rua (A, B) e whakamahia ana mō te whiwhi, ka taea te ātete pai ki te pokanoa hikohiko me te pokanoa porowhita whenua, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i te pumau me te pono o te tuku raraunga. He roa te tawhiti tuku o te atanga RS422, ka taea te tae ki te 1200 mita, ā, ka taea te hono atu ki te 10 ngā taputapu. Ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tuku raraunga tere-teitei me te tere tuku o te 10 Mbps.
· RS232
Ko te atanga RS232 he atanga paerewa mō te whakawhitiwhiti raupapa i waenga i ngā taputapu, e whakamahia ana hei hono i ngā taputapu taunga raraunga (DTE) me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti raraunga (DCE) kia tutuki ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna māmā me te hototahi whānui. Heoi, ko te tawhiti tuku mōrahi he 15 mita pea, ā, he iti noa te tere tuku. Ko te tere tuku mōrahi he 20Kbps te nuinga o te wā.
Ko te tikanga, he paerewa atanga whakawhitiwhiti raupapa te RS485, te RS422 me te RS232, engari he rerekē ō rātou āhuatanga me ngā horopaki tono. I roto i te poto, he pai te atanga RS232 mō ngā tono kāore e hiahia ki te tuku raraunga tere tawhiti, ā, he pai te hototahi ki ētahi taputapu me ngā pūnaha tawhito. Mena me tuku raraunga i ngā taha e rua i te wā kotahi, ā, he iti iho i te 10 ngā taputapu hono, he pai ake pea te RS422. Mena he nui ake i te 10 ngā taputapu me hono, he tere ake rānei te tuku, he pai ake pea te RS485.
· GPIO
He huinga pine te GPIO, ka taea te whirihora i te aratau whakauru, i te aratau whakaputa rānei. Ina kei te aratau whakauru te pine GPIO, ka taea e ia te whiwhi tohu mai i ngā pūoko (pēnei i te pāmahana, te haumākū, te māramatanga, me ētahi atu), ka huri i ēnei tohu hei tohu matihiko mō te tukatuka papa. Ina kei te aratau whakaputa te pine GPIO, ka taea e ia te tuku tohu whakahaere ki ngā kaiwhakaoho (pēnei i ngā motuka me ngā rama LED) hei whakatutuki i ngā mana whakahaere tika. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te atanga GPIO hei atanga paparanga tinana o ētahi atu kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (pēnei i te I2C, SPI, me ētahi atu), ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero uaua mā roto i ngā ara iahiko whānui.
Ko 3Rtablet, he kaiwhakarato me te 18 tau o te wheako ki te hanga me te whakarite i ngā papa e mau ana ki ngā waka, kua mōhiotia e ngā hoa o te ao mō āna ratonga whakaritenga whānui me te tautoko hangarau. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i te ahuwhenua, te maina, te whakahaere waka, te forklift rānei, he tino pai te mahi, te ngāwari me te pakari o ā mātou hua. Ka taea te whakarite i ēnei atanga toronga kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei (CANBus, RS232, me ētahi atu) i roto i ā mātou hua. Mena kei te whakamahere koe ki te arotau i tō rerenga mahi me te whakapai ake i te putanga mā te kaha o te papa, kaua e mangere ki te whakapiri mai ki a mātou ki te ako atu mō te hua me te otinga!
Wā tuku: Hepetema-28-2024
